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2019 World Energy Indicators

These are a variety of country-level energy-related indicators collected by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the World Bank, and other sources. Data availability varies by country and some indicators use the most recent available year. The headings indicate the name of the variable in the data.

Geography

Country boundaries are the NASA World Wind data set from https://github.com/nasa/World-Wind-Java/tree/master/WorldWind/testData/shapefiles, which was originally sourced from Bjoern Sandvik's Mapping Hacks website.

Country_Code

The ISO 3166 three letter codes

Country_Name

The country name as listed in the World Bank data

Longitude

Country centroid longitude

Latitude

Country centroid latitude

Socioeconomic Indicators

The World Bank. 2023. "Indicators." Accessed 18 April 2023. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator.

WB_Region

The World Bank. 2023. "World Bank Country and Lending Groups." Accessed 3 May 2023. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups

https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/378834-how-does-the-world-bank-classify-countries

WB_Income_Group

The World Bank. 2023. "World Bank Country and Lending Groups." Accessed 3 May 2023. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups

For the current 2023 fiscal year, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method, of $1,085 or less in 2021; lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,086 and $4,255; upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $4,256 and $13,205; high-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $13,205 or more.

Population

Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL)

Total population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship. The values shown are midyear estimates.

Sources: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision. (2) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (3) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (4) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Reprot (various years), (5) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database, and (6) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme.

GNI_PPP_B_Dollars

GNI, PPP (current international $) (NY.GNP.MKTP.PP.CD)

This indicator provides values for gross national income (GNI. Formerly GNP) expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. PPP conversion factor is a spatial price deflator and currency converter that eliminates the effects of the differences in price levels between countries. From July 2020, “GNI: linked series (current LCU)” [NY.GNP.MKTP.CN.AD] is used as underlying GNI in local currency unit so that it’s in line with time series of PPP conversion factors, which are extrapolated with linked deflators.

Source: International Comparison Program, World Bank | World Development Indicators database, World Bank | Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme.

GDP_per_Capita_PPP_Dollars

GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) (NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD)

This indicator provides per capita values for gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the country plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. conversion factor is a spatial price deflator and currency converter that controls for price level differences between countries. Total population is a mid-year population based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship.

Source: International Comparison Program, World Bank | World Development Indicators database, World Bank | Eurostat-OECD PPP Programme.

MJ_per_Dollar_GDP

Energy intensity level of primary energy (MJ/$2017 PPP GDP) (EG.EGY.PRIM.PP.KD)

Energy intensity level of primary energy is the ratio between energy supply and gross domestic product measured at purchasing power parity. Energy intensity is an indication of how much energy is used to produce one unit of economic output. Lower ratio indicates that less energy is used to produce one unit of output.

Source: World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) database from the SE4ALL Global Tracking Framework led jointly by the World Bank, International Energy Agency, and the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program.

Fuel_Percent_Exports

Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports) (TX.VAL.FUEL.ZS.UN)

Fuels comprise the commodities in SITC section 3 (mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials).

Source: World Bank staff estimates through the WITS platform from the Comtrade database maintained by the United Nations Statistics Division.

Resource_Rent_Percent_GDP

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP) (NY.GDP.TOTL.RT.ZS)

Total natural resources rents are the sum of oil rents, natural gas rents, coal rents (hard and soft), mineral rents, and forest rents.

Source: World Bank staff estimates based on sources and methods described in the World Bank's The Changing Wealth of Nations.

Exports_Percent_GDP

Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)

Exports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Imports_Percent_GDP

Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

Imports of goods and services represent the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) and transfer payments.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Industry_Percent_GDP

Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)

Industry (including construction) corresponds to ISIC divisions 05-43 and includes manufacturing (ISIC divisions 10-33). It comprises value added in mining, manufacturing (also reported as a separate subgroup), construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Agriculture_Percent_GDP

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-3 and includes forestry, hunting, and fishing, as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 4. Note: For VAB countries, gross value added at factor cost is used as the denominator.

Source: World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.

Military_Percent_GDP

Military expenditure (% of GDP)

Military expenditures data from SIPRI are derived from the NATO definition, which includes all current and capital expenditures on the armed forces, including peacekeeping forces; defense ministries and other government agencies engaged in defense projects; paramilitary forces, if these are judged to be trained and equipped for military operations; and military space activities. Such expenditures include military and civil personnel, including retirement pensions of military personnel and social services for personnel; operation and maintenance; procurement; military research and development; and military aid (in the military expenditures of the donor country). Excluded are civil defense and current expenditures for previous military activities, such as for veterans' benefits, demobilization, conversion, and destruction of weapons. This definition cannot be applied for all countries, however, since that would require much more detailed information than is available about what is included in military budgets and off-budget military expenditure items. (For example, military budgets might or might not cover civil defense, reserves and auxiliary forces, police and paramilitary forces, dual-purpose forces such as military and civilian police, military grants in kind, pensions for military personnel, and social security contributions paid by one part of government to another.)

Source: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute ( SIPRI ), Yearbook: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security.

Gini_Index

Gini index

Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents perfect equality, while an index of 100 implies perfect inequality.

Source: World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are mostly from the Luxembourg Income Study database. For more information and methodology, please see pip.worldbank.org.

Land_Area_sq_km

Land area (sq. km)

Land area is a country's total area, excluding area under inland water bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and lakes.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

Arable_Land_HA_per_Capita

Arable land (hectares per person)

Arable land (hectares per person) includes land defined by the FAO as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.

Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site.

CO2_per_Capita_Tonnes

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) (EN.ATM.CO2E.PC)

Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.

Climate Watch. 2020. GHG Emissions. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. Available at: https://www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions. See SP.POP.TOTL for the denominator's source.

Human Development Index

United Nations Development Programme. 2023. "Human Development Index (HDI)." Accessed 3 May 2023. https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI

HDI

The Human Development Index (HDI) is "a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions."

HDI values for 2021 range from 0.0 (lowest level of development) to 1.0 (highest level of development).

Governance

V-Dem Institute. 2020. "DR 2020: Autocratization Surges – Resistance Grows." https://www.v-dem.net/publications/democracy-reports/. Accessed 18 April 2023.

Democracy_Index

The V-Dem Liberal Democracy Index (LDI) combines measures of the quality of elections, suffrage, freedom of expression and the media, freedom of association and civil society, checks on the executive, and the rule of law.

Values range from 0.0 (autocracy) to 1.0 (democracy).

Regime_Type

Regime type is based on the V-Dem Democracy Index and uses the regime-classification by Lührmann et al. (2018).

2019 Energy Indicators

U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2023. International (energy indicators for countries and regions in 2019). https://www.eia.gov/international/data/world. Accessed 18 April 2023.

CO2_Emissions_MM_Tonnes

Carbon dioxide emissions in millions of metric tonnes

Metric tons of carbon can be converted to metric tons of carbon dioxide by multiplying by 12/44.

Emissions from petroleum and coal account for differences in product-level consumption patterns and emissions factors. The calculation methodology applies emissive factors to individual petroleum product consumption data to address that some products (e.g. asphalt) are not burned when consumed.

Emissive factors are calculated by multiplying what portion of the stream is used in a non-fuel application by what percent (if any) of the product is burned. Product-level emissions are accordingly reduced to account for carbon that is sequestered rather than combusted and emitted as carbon dioxide.

Primary_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption in quadrillion BTU

Total energy consumption includes the consumption of petroleum, dry natural gas, coal, net nuclear, hydroelectric, and non-hydroelectric renewable electricity.

Total energy consumption for each country also includes net electricity imports (electricity imports – electricity exports) and net coke imports (coke imports – coke exports).

Electricity net imports are included because the net electricity consumption by energy type data, noted above, are really net electricity generation data that have not been adjusted to include electricity imports and exclude electricity exports.

Total energy consumption for the United States also includes the consumption of biomass, geothermal, and solar energy not used for electricity generation.

Coal_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption from coal in quadrillion BTU

Gas_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption from natural gas in quadrillion BTU

Oil_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption from petroleum in quadrillion BTU

Nuclear_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption from nuclear power in quadrillion BTU

Renewable_Consumption_Quads

Total annual primary energy consumption from renewable sources in quadrillion BTU

Primary_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production in quadrillion BTU

Total energy production includes the production of petroleum (crude oil and natural gas plant liquids), dry natural gas, and coal. It also includes net generation of nuclear, hydroelectric, and non-hydroelectric renewable electricity.

Total energy production for the United States also includes the production of biomass, geothermal, and solar energy not used for electricity generation.

Coal_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production from coal in quadrillion BTU

Gas_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production from natural gas in quadrillion BTU

Oil_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production from petroleum in quadrillion BTU

Nuclear_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production from nuclear generation in quadrillion BTU

Renewable_Production_Quads

Total annual primary energy production from renewablesin quadrillion BTU

Electricity_Capacity_gW

Electricity capacity data gigawatts as of December 31.

Capacity data consist of both utility and non-utility sources.

Fossil Fuels electricity capacity consists of the electricity capacity of coal, petroleum, and natural gas plants.

Solar electricity capacity includes solar photovoltaic and solar thermal capacity, and distributed solar capacity where available.

Electricity_Generation_tWh

Annual electricity generation in terawatt-hours.

Generation data consist of both utility and non-utility sources from electricity and combined heat and power plants.

Data are reported as net generation, not gross generation. The difference between gross and net generation is generally about 6% for fossil fuels stations, 1% for hydro stations, and 5% for all others.

Fossil Fuels electricity generation consists of electricity generated from coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Solar electricity generation includes solar photovoltaic and solar thermal generation, and distributed solar generation where available.

The term biomass and waste used here is similar to the term combustible renewables and waste.

Electricity net generation excludes the energy consumed by the generating units and generation from hydroelectric pumped storage. Generation from hydroelectric pumped storage plants is included in total generation.

Electricity_Consumption_tWh

Annual electricity consumption in terawatt-hours.

Total electric power consumption = total net electricity generation + electricity imports - electricity exports - electricity transmission and distribution losses.

Data are reported as net consumption, not gross consumption. Net consumption excludes the energy consumed by the generating units.

Oil_Production_Mbd

Oil production in millions of barrels per day.

Petroleum supply includes the production of crude oil (including lease condensate), natural gas plant liquids, and other liquids, and it also includes refinery processing gain for volume (TBPD) only.

Other Liquids includes biodiesel, ethanol, liquids produced from coal, gas, and oil shale, Orimulsion, blending components, and other hydrocarbons.

Crude Oil data for Canada include Alberta oil sands production.

Negative refinery processing gain data values indicate the reported volumetric output is lower than reported inputs.

The Liquefied Petroleum Gases category includes propane and butane blends. Pentanes plus are included under LPG for the U.S. and Canada.

Oil_Consumption_Mbd

Oil consumption in millions of barrels per day.

Oil_Reserves_B_Barrels

Proved reserves of crude oil (including lease condensate) are the estimated quantities of all liquids defined as crude oil that geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.

Data for the United States are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and are as of December 31 of the previous full year. Data for other countries are from the Oil & Gas Journal and are as of January 1 of current year.

Reserve estimates for crude oil are very difficult to develop. As a convenience to the public, EIA provides these crude oil reserve estimates from other sources, but it does not certify these data. Please carefully note the sources of the data when using and citing estimates of crude oil reserves.

Data for Kuwait and for Saudi Arabia each include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone. Similar allocations may exist for areas with joint production agreements.

Gas_Production_bcf

Annual natural gas production in billions of cubic feet.

To ensure comparability of data across countries, natural gas production numbers exclude non-hydrocarbon gases for all countries.

EIA no longer updates vented and flared natural gas production or reinjected natural gas production. Only dry natural gas production is published annually.

Gas_Consumption_bcf

Annual natural gas consumption in billions of cubic feet.

Gas_Reserves_tcf

Proven reserves of natural gas in trillions of cubic feet

Proved reserves of natural gas are the estimated quantities that analysis of geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.

Data for the United States are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration and are as of December 31 of the previous full year. Data for other countries are from the Oil & Gas Journal and are as of January 1 of current year.

Reserve estimates for natural gas are very difficult to develop. As a convenience to the public, EIA provides these natural gas reserve estimates from other sources, but it does not certify these data. Please carefully note the sources of the data when using and citing estimates of natural gas reserves.

Data for Kuwait and for Saudi Arabia each include one-half of the reserves in the Neutral Zone. Similar allocations may exist for areas with joint production agreeements.

Coal_Production_Mst

Annual coal production in millions of short tons

Production flows include five coal types: anthracite, metallurgical, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. Coal production represents coal mined domestically.

U.S. data are from the Monthly Energy Review, the Annual Coal Report, or the Quarterly Coal Report.

Coal_Consumption_Mst

Annual coal consumption in millions of short tons

Consumption flows include five coal types: anthracite, metallurgical, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite. Coal consumption represents coal used domestically. Consumption accounts for coal used in the transformation sector, energy sector, and industrial sector. It also includes distribution losses. Note that metallurgical coal refers to pulverized coal consumed in making steel. Bituminous coal is a fuel used in steam-electric power generation, and substantial quantities are also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing.

U.S. data are from the Monthly Energy Review, the Annual Coal Report, or the Quarterly Coal Report.

Coal_Reserves_Mst

Domestic coal reserves in millions of short tons

Data are as of December 31 of the previous full year. Data for the United States are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.

U.S. coal rank estimates are based partly on British thermal units and may not match precisely borderline geologic ranks. Further, data in this table may represent different base years. Data for the United States represent recoverable coal estimates as of January 1 of the most recent full year. Data for other countries are as of the most recent period for which data are available. The U.S. Energy Information Administration does not certify the international reserves data but reproduces the information as a matter of convenience for the reader.

Data for other countries are from The Federal Institute for Geoscience and Natural Resources (BGR), a technical and scientific agency of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi). BGR estimates the geological inventory of coal reserves by providing reliable assessments of reserves and resources.

MM_BTU_per_Capita

Annual per capita primary energy consumption by country in millions of BTU

Primary_Consumption_Quads * 1000000000 / Population

Renewable_Percent

Percentage of primary energy consumption from renewable sources by country

100 * Renewable_Consumption_Quads / Primary_Consumption_Quads