Tract NDVI Models
Michael Minn - 15 May 2015
Variables
Landsat Data
NDVI: Median tract residential area NDVI
Census Data
SQMLAND: Tract area in square meters
MEDIANAGE: Median age
MEDHHINC: Median household income
MEANHHSIZE: Mean number of members in each household
PCOWNEROCC: Percent housing units owner-occupied
PCTURNOVER: Percent residents in same house one year ago
PCBORNUSA: Percent of residents born in the USA
PCUNEMPLOYED: Percent 16 years of age or older unemployed (mean?)
Parcel Data
Data from 2013 Maricopa County Assessor's Office ST 42030 File
SQMLAWN: Total square meters of PLA (lot_size - (home_size / floors) - pool_size)
MEDCONSTYR: Median construction year
FORECLOSED: Number of parcels in period after auction but before next sale
Climate Data
P_MINUS_PET: Precipitation - potential evapotranspiration
P_MINUS_PET30: Running sum of P - PET for past 30 days
P_MINUS_PET60: Running sum of P - PET for past 60 days
RAINFALL30: Running sum of rainfall for the past 30 days
RAINFALL60: Running sum of rainfall for the past 60 days
A temporally-lagged running sum of rainfall has the highest correlation with tract NDVI.
A five-day lag between P_MINUS_PET and NDVI gives best correlation r = 0.18
A nine-day lag between 60-day Rainfall sum and NDVI gives best correlation r = 0.423
Linear Model
Call:
lm(formula = NDVI ~ ., data = regression_data)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-0.21636 -0.02755 -0.00633 0.02014 0.68708
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 2.923e+00 1.409e-02 207.454 <2e-16 ***
DATE -1.275e-06 1.328e-07 -9.603 <2e-16 ***
SQMLAND -9.675e-11 6.079e-12 -15.917 <2e-16 ***
MEDIANAGE -1.575e-03 1.492e-05 -105.527 <2e-16 ***
MEDHHINC 6.273e-07 5.064e-09 123.878 <2e-16 ***
MEANHHSIZE -2.159e-02 2.482e-04 -86.988 <2e-16 ***
PCOWNEROCC 6.044e-06 2.676e-07 22.583 <2e-16 ***
PCTURNOVER 2.455e-04 6.683e-06 36.741 <2e-16 ***
PCBORNUSA 3.597e-04 1.355e-05 26.539 <2e-16 ***
PCUNEMPLOYED -4.232e-04 4.832e-05 -8.758 <2e-16 ***
SQMLAWN 3.028e-09 7.483e-11 40.469 <2e-16 ***
MEDCONSTYR -1.351e-03 7.487e-06 -180.432 <2e-16 ***
FORECLOSED -2.019e-04 8.033e-06 -25.138 <2e-16 ***
RAINFALL60 6.524e-03 8.389e-05 77.764 <2e-16 ***
GEOINDEX -4.399e-06 3.693e-07 -11.912 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Residual standard error: 0.04305 on 216291 degrees of freedom
(64679 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.2515, Adjusted R-squared: 0.2515
F-statistic: 5192 on 14 and 216291 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
Generalized Additive Model
Family: gaussian
Link function: identity
Formula:
NDVI ~ s(SQMLAND) + s(DATE) + s(MEDIANAGE) + s(MEDHHINC) + s(MEANHHSIZE) +
s(PCOWNEROCC) + s(PCTURNOVER) + s(PCBORNUSA) + s(PCUNEMPLOYED) +
s(SQMLAWN) + s(MEDCONSTYR) + s(FORECLOSED) + s(RAINFALL60) +
s(GEOINDEX)
Parametric coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 1.995e-01 8.203e-05 2432 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Approximate significance of smooth terms:
edf Ref.df F p-value
s(SQMLAND) 8.976 9.000 365.73 <2e-16 ***
s(DATE) 8.992 9.000 942.75 <2e-16 ***
s(MEDIANAGE) 8.998 9.000 1157.59 <2e-16 ***
s(MEDHHINC) 8.999 9.000 1397.03 <2e-16 ***
s(MEANHHSIZE) 8.986 9.000 835.43 <2e-16 ***
s(PCOWNEROCC) 8.986 9.000 323.47 <2e-16 ***
s(PCTURNOVER) 8.984 9.000 209.19 <2e-16 ***
s(PCBORNUSA) 8.964 9.000 186.42 <2e-16 ***
s(PCUNEMPLOYED) 8.931 8.997 34.45 <2e-16 ***
s(SQMLAWN) 8.983 9.000 1413.16 <2e-16 ***
s(MEDCONSTYR) 8.983 9.000 3043.24 <2e-16 ***
s(FORECLOSED) 8.005 8.474 695.20 <2e-16 ***
s(RAINFALL60) 8.993 9.000 570.55 <2e-16 ***
s(GEOINDEX) 8.992 9.000 1098.53 <2e-16 ***
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
R-sq.(adj) = 0.412 Deviance explained = 41.2%
GCV = 0.0014562 Scale est. = 0.0014554 n = 216306
Random Forest Model
> print(randmodel)
Sample size: 216306
Number of trees: 1000
Minimum terminal node size: 5
Average no. of terminal nodes: 25168.82
No. of variables tried at each split: 5
Total no. of variables: 14
Analysis: RF-R
Family: regr
Splitting rule: regr
% variance explained: 82.66
Error rate: 0
> plot(randmodel)
The default permute returns Breiman-Cutler permutation VIMP as described in
Breiman (2001). For each tree, the prediction error on the out-of-bag (OOB)
data is recorded. Then for a given variable, OOB cases are randomly permuted in
and the prediction error is recorded. The VIMP for is defined as the difference
between the perturbed and unperturbed error rate averaged over all trees.
Importance Relative Imp
MEDCONSTYR 0.0031 1.0000
SQMLAWN 0.0015 0.4960
MEDHHINC 0.0013 0.4176
MEANHHSIZE 0.0013 0.4149
MEDIANAGE 0.0010 0.3285
GEOINDEX 0.0010 0.3085
SQMLAND 0.0009 0.2967
PCOWNEROCC 0.0007 0.2268
PCBORNUSA 0.0006 0.1913
PCTURNOVER 0.0006 0.1874
PCUNEMPLOYED 0.0004 0.1169
SQMWATER 0.0004 0.1151
RAINFALL60 0.0002 0.0760
FORECLOSED 0.0002 0.0579
> find.interaction(randmodel)
This invokes a maximal subtree analysis. In this case, a matrix is returned
where entries [i][i] are the normalized minimal depth of variable [i] relative
to the root node (normalized wrt the size of the tree) and entries [i][j]
indicate the normalized minimal depth of a variable [j] wrt the maximal subtree
for variable [i] (normalized wrt the size of [i]’s maximal subtree). Smaller
[i][i] entries indicate predictive variables. Small [i][j] entries having small
[i][i] entries are a sign of an interaction between variable i and j (note: the
user should scan rows, not columns, for small entries). See Ishwaran et al.
(2010, 2011) for more details.
Method: maxsubtree
No. of variables: 14
Variables sorted by minimal depth?: TRUE
MEDCONSTYR MEDIANAGE MEDHHINC SQMLAWN MEANHHSIZE PCTURNOVER
MEDCONSTYR 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.07
MEDIANAGE 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
MEDHHINC 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05
SQMLAWN 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05
MEANHHSIZE 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05
PCTURNOVER 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07
PCOWNEROCC 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
GEOINDEX 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
SQMLAND 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05
RAINFALL60 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
PCBORNUSA 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05
PCUNEMPLOYED 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
SQMWATER 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05
FORECLOSED 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
PCOWNEROCC GEOINDEX SQMLAND RAINFALL60 PCBORNUSA PCUNEMPLOYED
MEDCONSTYR 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08
MEDIANAGE 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07
MEDHHINC 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06
SQMLAWN 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06
MEANHHSIZE 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06
PCTURNOVER 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06
PCOWNEROCC 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
GEOINDEX 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05
SQMLAND 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05
RAINFALL60 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.06
PCBORNUSA 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.05
PCUNEMPLOYED 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.10
SQMWATER 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
FORECLOSED 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06
SQMWATER FORECLOSED
MEDCONSTYR 0.09 0.10
MEDIANAGE 0.07 0.07
MEDHHINC 0.06 0.07
SQMLAWN 0.06 0.07
MEANHHSIZE 0.06 0.06
PCTURNOVER 0.07 0.06
PCOWNEROCC 0.06 0.06
GEOINDEX 0.05 0.06
SQMLAND 0.05 0.06
RAINFALL60 0.06 0.06
PCBORNUSA 0.06 0.05
PCUNEMPLOYED 0.06 0.05
SQMWATER 0.11 0.06
FORECLOSED 0.07 0.11
> summary(randmodel)
Length Class Mode
call 4 -none- call
family 1 -none- character
n 1 -none- numeric
ntree 1 -none- numeric
nimpute 1 -none- numeric
mtry 1 -none- numeric
nodesize 1 -none- numeric
nodedepth 1 -none- numeric
splitrule 1 -none- character
nsplit 1 -none- numeric
yvar 216306 -none- numeric
yvar.names 1 -none- character
xvar 14 data.frame list
xvar.names 14 -none- character
xvar.wt 14 -none- numeric
split.wt 14 -none- numeric
leaf.count 1000 -none- numeric
proximity 0 -none- NULL
forest 19 rfsrc list
membership 216306000 -none- numeric
inbag 216306000 -none- numeric
var.used 0 -none- NULL
imputed.indv 0 -none- NULL
imputed.data 0 -none- NULL
split.depth 0 -none- NULL
node.stats 0 -none- NULL
err.rate 1000 -none- numeric
importance 14 -none- numeric
predicted 216306 -none- numeric
predicted.oob 216306 -none- numeric
Party
Click to view full tree
> print(party)
Model formula:
NDVI ~ DATE + SQMLAND + MEDIANAGE + MEDHHINC + MEANHHSIZE + PCOWNEROCC +
PCTURNOVER + PCBORNUSA + PCUNEMPLOYED + SQMLAWN + MEDCONSTYR +
FORECLOSED + RAINFALL60 + GEOINDEX
Fitted party:
[1] root
| [2] SQMLAND <= 269339.64455
| | [3] SQMLAND <= 227883.48089
| | | [4] MEDCONSTYR <= 1969
| | | | [5] PCTURNOVER <= 45.2
| | | | | [6] MEDHHINC <= 30447.33256
| | | | | | [7] GEOINDEX <= 651
| | | | | | | [8] PCBORNUSA <= 60.6
| | | | | | | | [9] MEANHHSIZE <= 4.05: 0.205 (n = 519, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | | [10] MEANHHSIZE > 4.05: 0.171 (n = 143, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [11] PCBORNUSA > 60.6
| | | | | | | | [12] GEOINDEX <= 149: 0.274 (n = 42, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [13] GEOINDEX > 149: 0.227 (n = 168, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [14] GEOINDEX > 651
| | | | | | | [15] RAINFALL60 <= 1.34
| | | | | | | | [16] PCOWNEROCC <= 26.7: 0.181 (n = 253, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [17] PCOWNEROCC > 26.7: 0.157 (n = 282, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [18] RAINFALL60 > 1.34
| | | | | | | | [19] RAINFALL60 <= 3.55: 0.183 (n = 193, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [20] RAINFALL60 > 3.55: 0.202 (n = 69, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [21] MEDHHINC > 30447.33256
| | | | | | [22] PCBORNUSA <= 91
| | | | | | | [23] MEDIANAGE <= 26.4
| | | | | | | | [24] PCOWNEROCC <= 46.7: 0.218 (n = 1869, err = 2.0)
| | | | | | | | [25] PCOWNEROCC > 46.7: 0.195 (n = 777, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | [26] MEDIANAGE > 26.4
| | | | | | | | [27] MEDHHINC <= 44754.25779: 0.254 (n = 4752, err = 13.1)
| | | | | | | | [28] MEDHHINC > 44754.25779: 0.220 (n = 910, err = 1.5)
| | | | | | [29] PCBORNUSA > 91
| | | | | | | [30] MEDHHINC <= 47714.75143: 0.282 (n = 144, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [31] MEDHHINC > 47714.75143
| | | | | | | | [32] GEOINDEX <= 263: 0.297 (n = 53, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [33] GEOINDEX > 263: 0.315 (n = 128, err = 0.1)
| | | | [34] PCTURNOVER > 45.2
| | | | | [35] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.48
| | | | | | [36] PCTURNOVER <= 85.5
| | | | | | | [37] SQMLAWN <= 437819.4623
| | | | | | | | [38] PCTURNOVER <= 56.2: 0.186 (n = 528, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [39] PCTURNOVER > 56.2: 0.234 (n = 2227, err = 5.9)
| | | | | | | [40] SQMLAWN > 437819.4623
| | | | | | | | [41] MEDIANAGE <= 44.6: 0.297 (n = 1783, err = 3.1)
| | | | | | | | [42] MEDIANAGE > 44.6: 0.221 (n = 244, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [43] PCTURNOVER > 85.5
| | | | | | | [44] PCBORNUSA <= 89.2
| | | | | | | | [45] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.06: 0.323 (n = 87, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [46] MEANHHSIZE > 2.06: 0.231 (n = 204, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | [47] PCBORNUSA > 89.2
| | | | | | | | [48] GEOINDEX <= 537: 0.332 (n = 397, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | | | [49] GEOINDEX > 537: 0.258 (n = 64, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [50] MEANHHSIZE > 2.48
| | | | | | [51] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 1
| | | | | | | [52] SQMLAND <= 121309.19091
| | | | | | | | [53] MEDHHINC <= 43381.97655: 0.193 (n = 760, err = 1.1)
| | | | | | | | [54] MEDHHINC > 43381.97655: 0.222 (n = 372, err = 0.6)
| | | | | | | [55] SQMLAND > 121309.19091
| | | | | | | | [56] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.18: 0.269 (n = 236, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | | [57] MEANHHSIZE > 3.18: 0.198 (n = 205, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | [58] PCUNEMPLOYED > 1
| | | | | | | [59] SQMLAWN <= 232665.57643
| | | | | | | | [60] MEDHHINC <= 25094.87004: 0.150 (n = 953, err = 0.6)
| | | | | | | | [61] MEDHHINC > 25094.87004: 0.187 (n = 981, err = 1.1)
| | | | | | | [62] SQMLAWN > 232665.57643
| | | | | | | | [63] MEDCONSTYR <= 1955: 0.214 (n = 5299, err = 10.6)
| | | | | | | | [64] MEDCONSTYR > 1955: 0.191 (n = 7877, err = 8.8)
| | | [65] MEDCONSTYR > 1969
| | | | [66] FORECLOSED <= 29
| | | | | [67] MEDCONSTYR <= 1993
| | | | | | [68] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.96
| | | | | | | [69] RAINFALL60 <= 0.48
| | | | | | | | [70] MEDCONSTYR <= 1974: 0.206 (n = 2389, err = 3.8)
| | | | | | | | [71] MEDCONSTYR > 1974: 0.192 (n = 10227, err = 11.0)
| | | | | | | [72] RAINFALL60 > 0.48
| | | | | | | | [73] PCTURNOVER <= 43.9: 0.212 (n = 5028, err = 7.8)
| | | | | | | | [74] PCTURNOVER > 43.9: 0.200 (n = 11983, err = 14.9)
| | | | | | [75] MEANHHSIZE > 2.96
| | | | | | | [76] PCBORNUSA <= 77.9
| | | | | | | | [77] RAINFALL60 <= 2.35: 0.174 (n = 6233, err = 4.7)
| | | | | | | | [78] RAINFALL60 > 2.35: 0.189 (n = 1273, err = 1.5)
| | | | | | | [79] PCBORNUSA > 77.9
| | | | | | | | [80] RAINFALL60 <= 1.84: 0.188 (n = 4023, err = 3.8)
| | | | | | | | [81] RAINFALL60 > 1.84: 0.203 (n = 1068, err = 1.3)
| | | | | [82] MEDCONSTYR > 1993
| | | | | | [83] MEDHHINC <= 75723.69581
| | | | | | | [84] PCBORNUSA <= 94.6
| | | | | | | | [85] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 1.9: 0.147 (n = 3101, err = 3.4)
| | | | | | | | [86] PCUNEMPLOYED > 1.9: 0.170 (n = 8701, err = 9.6)
| | | | | | | [87] PCBORNUSA > 94.6
| | | | | | | | [88] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.2: 0.077 (n = 56, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [89] MEANHHSIZE > 1.2: 0.144 (n = 1285, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | [90] MEDHHINC > 75723.69581
| | | | | | | [91] PCOWNEROCC <= 633
| | | | | | | | [92] MEDHHINC <= 124261.10286: 0.180 (n = 2859, err = 2.3)
| | | | | | | | [93] MEDHHINC > 124261.10286: 0.249 (n = 82, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [94] PCOWNEROCC > 633
| | | | | | | | [95] PCOWNEROCC <= 955: 0.211 (n = 522, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | | | [96] PCOWNEROCC > 955: 0.182 (n = 267, err = 0.1)
| | | | [97] FORECLOSED > 29
| | | | | [98] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.81
| | | | | | [99] MEDIANAGE <= 38.1
| | | | | | | [100] PCTURNOVER <= 61.8
| | | | | | | | [101] MEDHHINC <= 46993.05573: 0.186 (n = 107, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [102] MEDHHINC > 46993.05573: 0.168 (n = 65, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [103] PCTURNOVER > 61.8
| | | | | | | | [104] DATE <= 14994: 0.207 (n = 461, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | | [105] DATE > 14994: 0.182 (n = 96, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [106] MEDIANAGE > 38.1
| | | | | | | [107] MEDCONSTYR <= 2001
| | | | | | | | [108] FORECLOSED <= 36: 0.179 (n = 178, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [109] FORECLOSED > 36: 0.167 (n = 82, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [110] MEDCONSTYR > 2001: 0.138 (n = 33, err = 0.0)
| | | | | [111] MEANHHSIZE > 2.81
| | | | | | [112] SQMLAWN <= 935428.0438
| | | | | | | [113] PCOWNEROCC <= 786
| | | | | | | | [114] MEDCONSTYR <= 1992: 0.176 (n = 1684, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | | | [115] MEDCONSTYR > 1992: 0.155 (n = 1355, err = 0.6)
| | | | | | | [116] PCOWNEROCC > 786
| | | | | | | | [117] RAINFALL60 <= 0.67: 0.172 (n = 276, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [118] RAINFALL60 > 0.67: 0.193 (n = 368, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | [119] SQMLAWN > 935428.0438: 0.204 (n = 165, err = 0.1)
| | [120] SQMLAND > 227883.48089
| | | [121] PCTURNOVER <= 21
| | | | [122] MEDIANAGE <= 28.9
| | | | | [123] PCBORNUSA <= 93.8
| | | | | | [124] SQMLAWN <= 664295.65507
| | | | | | | [125] DATE <= 12746: 0.233 (n = 213, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | [126] DATE > 12746
| | | | | | | | [127] PCTURNOVER <= 4: 0.194 (n = 38, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [128] PCTURNOVER > 4: 0.218 (n = 103, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [129] SQMLAWN > 664295.65507
| | | | | | | [130] MEDCONSTYR <= 1999
| | | | | | | | [131] SQMLAWN <= 997626.27714: 0.192 (n = 123, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [132] SQMLAWN > 997626.27714: 0.211 (n = 399, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | [133] MEDCONSTYR > 1999
| | | | | | | | [134] FORECLOSED <= 6: 0.164 (n = 21, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [135] FORECLOSED > 6: 0.189 (n = 44, err = 0.0)
| | | | | [136] PCBORNUSA > 93.8
| | | | | | [137] PCBORNUSA <= 93.9
| | | | | | | [138] DATE <= 12498: 0.155 (n = 67, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [139] DATE > 12498
| | | | | | | | [140] FORECLOSED <= 18: 0.174 (n = 131, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [141] FORECLOSED > 18: 0.193 (n = 32, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | [142] PCBORNUSA > 93.9
| | | | | | | [143] FORECLOSED <= 23: 0.127 (n = 43, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [144] FORECLOSED > 23: 0.144 (n = 48, err = 0.0)
| | | | [145] MEDIANAGE > 28.9
| | | | | [146] PCBORNUSA <= 89.9
| | | | | | [147] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 2.8
| | | | | | | [148] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 1.2
| | | | | | | | [149] DATE <= 12498: 0.139 (n = 57, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [150] DATE > 12498: 0.161 (n = 158, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [151] PCUNEMPLOYED > 1.2
| | | | | | | | [152] MEDHHINC <= 55764.68036: 0.153 (n = 225, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [153] MEDHHINC > 55764.68036: 0.137 (n = 878, err = 0.6)
| | | | | | [154] PCUNEMPLOYED > 2.8
| | | | | | | [155] RAINFALL60 <= 1.34
| | | | | | | | [156] FORECLOSED <= 3: 0.198 (n = 106, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [157] FORECLOSED > 3: 0.209 (n = 31, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [158] RAINFALL60 > 1.34: 0.211 (n = 62, err = 0.0)
| | | | | [159] PCBORNUSA > 89.9
| | | | | | [160] SQMLAWN <= 716930.77875
| | | | | | | [161] PCTURNOVER <= 17.2
| | | | | | | | [162] FORECLOSED <= 1: 0.121 (n = 39, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [163] FORECLOSED > 1: 0.132 (n = 22, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [164] PCTURNOVER > 17.2
| | | | | | | | [165] RAINFALL60 <= 3.63: 0.153 (n = 209, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [166] RAINFALL60 > 3.63: 0.172 (n = 12, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | [167] SQMLAWN > 716930.77875
| | | | | | | [168] MEDCONSTYR <= 1999
| | | | | | | | [169] GEOINDEX <= 158: 0.238 (n = 197, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [170] GEOINDEX > 158: 0.194 (n = 706, err = 0.8)
| | | | | | | [171] MEDCONSTYR > 1999
| | | | | | | | [172] SQMLAWN <= 1048909.80153: 0.127 (n = 167, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [173] SQMLAWN > 1048909.80153: 0.162 (n = 90, err = 0.0)
| | | [174] PCTURNOVER > 21
| | | | [175] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.48
| | | | | [176] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.78
| | | | | | [177] MEDHHINC <= 60109.07165
| | | | | | | [178] SQMLAND <= 240233.09395
| | | | | | | | [179] PCBORNUSA <= 88.7: 0.148 (n = 310, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [180] PCBORNUSA > 88.7: 0.137 (n = 418, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | [181] SQMLAND > 240233.09395
| | | | | | | | [182] MEDIANAGE <= 60.7: 0.221 (n = 296, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | | [183] MEDIANAGE > 60.7: 0.164 (n = 1457, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | [184] MEDHHINC > 60109.07165
| | | | | | | [185] MEDHHINC <= 72362.51403
| | | | | | | | [186] MEDIANAGE <= 60.2: 0.242 (n = 487, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | | | [187] MEDIANAGE > 60.2: 0.162 (n = 99, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [188] MEDHHINC > 72362.51403: 0.297 (n = 86, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [189] MEANHHSIZE > 1.78
| | | | | | [190] MEDIANAGE <= 37.5
| | | | | | | [191] SQMLAND <= 252155.0739
| | | | | | | | [192] MEDIANAGE <= 32.9: 0.213 (n = 36066, err = 71.8)
| | | | | | | | [193] MEDIANAGE > 32.9: 0.205 (n = 19500, err = 35.7)
| | | | | | | [194] SQMLAND > 252155.0739
| | | | | | | | [195] MEDHHINC <= 14646.41031: 0.150 (n = 303, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [196] MEDHHINC > 14646.41031: 0.192 (n = 3627, err = 3.3)
| | | | | | [197] MEDIANAGE > 37.5
| | | | | | | [198] MEDCONSTYR <= 1965
| | | | | | | | [199] PCBORNUSA <= 91.3: 0.266 (n = 2385, err = 9.4)
| | | | | | | | [200] PCBORNUSA > 91.3: 0.342 (n = 1540, err = 2.9)
| | | | | | | [201] MEDCONSTYR > 1965
| | | | | | | | [202] MEDHHINC <= 66685.14033: 0.197 (n = 7935, err = 16.4)
| | | | | | | | [203] MEDHHINC > 66685.14033: 0.227 (n = 9542, err = 20.9)
| | | | [204] MEANHHSIZE > 3.48
| | | | | [205] MEANHHSIZE <= 4.03
| | | | | | [206] MEDHHINC <= 78362.10213
| | | | | | | [207] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.94
| | | | | | | | [208] SQMLAWN <= 661231.71413: 0.161 (n = 1544, err = 1.1)
| | | | | | | | [209] SQMLAWN > 661231.71413: 0.189 (n = 2314, err = 2.8)
| | | | | | | [210] MEANHHSIZE > 3.94
| | | | | | | | [211] GEOINDEX <= 780: 0.185 (n = 731, err = 0.6)
| | | | | | | | [212] GEOINDEX > 780: 0.238 (n = 337, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | [213] MEDHHINC > 78362.10213
| | | | | | | [214] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 4.1
| | | | | | | | [215] SQMLAND <= 254243.72207: 0.257 (n = 473, err = 0.8)
| | | | | | | | [216] SQMLAND > 254243.72207: 0.199 (n = 151, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [217] PCUNEMPLOYED > 4.1
| | | | | | | | [218] MEDCONSTYR <= 1998: 0.255 (n = 66, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [219] MEDCONSTYR > 1998: 0.202 (n = 429, err = 0.3)
| | | | | [220] MEANHHSIZE > 4.03
| | | | | | [221] DATE <= 14930
| | | | | | | [222] RAINFALL60 <= 3.03
| | | | | | | | [223] SQMLAWN <= 685072.99295: 0.173 (n = 1431, err = 1.2)
| | | | | | | | [224] SQMLAWN > 685072.99295: 0.188 (n = 940, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | | [225] RAINFALL60 > 3.03
| | | | | | | | [226] RAINFALL60 <= 3.8: 0.203 (n = 216, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [227] RAINFALL60 > 3.8: 0.234 (n = 49, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [228] DATE > 14930
| | | | | | | [229] MEDIANAGE <= 21.6
| | | | | | | | [230] DATE <= 16314: 0.135 (n = 170, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [231] DATE > 16314: 0.173 (n = 16, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [232] MEDIANAGE > 21.6
| | | | | | | | [233] SQMLAND <= 230394.46669: 0.171 (n = 58, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [234] SQMLAND > 230394.46669: 0.160 (n = 335, err = 0.2)
| [235] SQMLAND > 269339.64455
| | [236] DATE <= 14090
| | | [237] SQMLAWN <= 2087419.29801
| | | | [238] SQMLAWN <= 899092.28696
| | | | | [239] SQMLAWN <= 781757.23796
| | | | | | [240] PCTURNOVER <= 35.2
| | | | | | | [241] PCOWNEROCC <= 70
| | | | | | | | [242] RAINFALL60 <= 3.12: 0.179 (n = 1592, err = 3.2)
| | | | | | | | [243] RAINFALL60 > 3.12: 0.214 (n = 134, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | [244] PCOWNEROCC > 70
| | | | | | | | [245] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.19: 0.151 (n = 2722, err = 4.0)
| | | | | | | | [246] MEANHHSIZE > 3.19: 0.175 (n = 541, err = 1.9)
| | | | | | [247] PCTURNOVER > 35.2
| | | | | | | [248] SQMLAWN <= 748034.00637
| | | | | | | | [249] MEDCONSTYR <= 1986: 0.200 (n = 2413, err = 4.4)
| | | | | | | | [250] MEDCONSTYR > 1986: 0.170 (n = 1333, err = 2.6)
| | | | | | | [251] SQMLAWN > 748034.00637
| | | | | | | | [252] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.7: 0.307 (n = 113, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [253] MEANHHSIZE > 1.7: 0.177 (n = 47, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [254] SQMLAWN > 781757.23796
| | | | | | [255] PCBORNUSA <= 92.2
| | | | | | | [256] MEDCONSTYR <= 2004
| | | | | | | | [257] PCOWNEROCC <= 34.2: 0.235 (n = 33, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [258] PCOWNEROCC > 34.2: 0.167 (n = 1830, err = 1.5)
| | | | | | | [259] MEDCONSTYR > 2004
| | | | | | | | [260] DATE <= 13818: 0.100 (n = 47, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [261] DATE > 13818: 0.129 (n = 28, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | [262] PCBORNUSA > 92.2
| | | | | | | [263] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.79
| | | | | | | | [264] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.84: 0.151 (n = 10, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [265] MEANHHSIZE > 1.84: 0.136 (n = 319, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [266] MEANHHSIZE > 2.79: 0.125 (n = 92, err = 0.0)
| | | | [267] SQMLAWN > 899092.28696
| | | | | [268] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.2
| | | | | | [269] MEDHHINC <= 79904.76387
| | | | | | | [270] PCBORNUSA <= 87.5
| | | | | | | | [271] MEDIANAGE <= 34.9: 0.191 (n = 1982, err = 7.3)
| | | | | | | | [272] MEDIANAGE > 34.9: 0.309 (n = 163, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [273] PCBORNUSA > 87.5
| | | | | | | | [274] DATE <= 13162: 0.174 (n = 2644, err = 3.7)
| | | | | | | | [275] DATE > 13162: 0.156 (n = 3388, err = 3.5)
| | | | | | [276] MEDHHINC > 79904.76387
| | | | | | | [277] PCTURNOVER <= 35
| | | | | | | | [278] MEDCONSTYR <= 1998: 0.199 (n = 1243, err = 1.3)
| | | | | | | | [279] MEDCONSTYR > 1998: 0.155 (n = 732, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | | [280] PCTURNOVER > 35
| | | | | | | | [281] MEANHHSIZE <= 2.31: 0.249 (n = 554, err = 2.2)
| | | | | | | | [282] MEANHHSIZE > 2.31: 0.199 (n = 1004, err = 1.1)
| | | | | [283] MEANHHSIZE > 3.2
| | | | | | [284] FORECLOSED <= 14
| | | | | | | [285] GEOINDEX <= 414
| | | | | | | | [286] MEDCONSTYR <= 1996: 0.274 (n = 419, err = 1.5)
| | | | | | | | [287] MEDCONSTYR > 1996: 0.210 (n = 525, err = 1.3)
| | | | | | | [288] GEOINDEX > 414
| | | | | | | | [289] MEDHHINC <= 70369.07143: 0.180 (n = 587, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | | | [290] MEDHHINC > 70369.07143: 0.216 (n = 417, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | [291] FORECLOSED > 14
| | | | | | | [292] SQMLAWN <= 1237803.75789
| | | | | | | | [293] PCTURNOVER <= 59.1: 0.184 (n = 98, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [294] PCTURNOVER > 59.1: 0.147 (n = 46, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [295] SQMLAWN > 1237803.75789
| | | | | | | | [296] MEANHHSIZE <= 3.29: 0.207 (n = 36, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [297] MEANHHSIZE > 3.29: 0.266 (n = 9, err = 0.0)
| | | [298] SQMLAWN > 2087419.29801
| | | | [299] PCTURNOVER <= 52.6
| | | | | [300] RAINFALL60 <= 3.12
| | | | | | [301] GEOINDEX <= 551
| | | | | | | [302] MEDIANAGE <= 33.5
| | | | | | | | [303] PCBORNUSA <= 93.3: 0.224 (n = 623, err = 1.2)
| | | | | | | | [304] PCBORNUSA > 93.3: 0.296 (n = 402, err = 1.0)
| | | | | | | [305] MEDIANAGE > 33.5
| | | | | | | | [306] SQMLAWN <= 6039089.74485: 0.175 (n = 1569, err = 1.7)
| | | | | | | | [307] SQMLAWN > 6039089.74485: 0.199 (n = 523, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | [308] GEOINDEX > 551
| | | | | | | [309] MEDCONSTYR <= 2001
| | | | | | | | [310] RAINFALL60 <= 1.26: 0.177 (n = 2851, err = 3.2)
| | | | | | | | [311] RAINFALL60 > 1.26: 0.202 (n = 717, err = 1.2)
| | | | | | | [312] MEDCONSTYR > 2001
| | | | | | | | [313] SQMLAWN <= 2715552.59968: 0.135 (n = 253, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [314] SQMLAWN > 2715552.59968: 0.175 (n = 345, err = 0.5)
| | | | | [315] RAINFALL60 > 3.12
| | | | | | [316] RAINFALL60 <= 3.8
| | | | | | | [317] SQMLAWN <= 6335555.6204
| | | | | | | | [318] MEDHHINC <= 93089.99896: 0.241 (n = 185, err = 0.8)
| | | | | | | | [319] MEDHHINC > 93089.99896: 0.211 (n = 128, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [320] SQMLAWN > 6335555.6204
| | | | | | | | [321] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 2.4: 0.267 (n = 105, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | | | [322] PCUNEMPLOYED > 2.4: 0.356 (n = 7, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [323] RAINFALL60 > 3.8
| | | | | | | [324] DATE <= 11706: 0.192 (n = 26, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [325] DATE > 11706
| | | | | | | | [326] MEDHHINC <= 55783.87465: 0.388 (n = 34, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [327] MEDHHINC > 55783.87465: 0.288 (n = 90, err = 0.3)
| | | | [328] PCTURNOVER > 52.6
| | | | | [329] MEDIANAGE <= 50.7
| | | | | | [330] MEDHHINC <= 120089.94422
| | | | | | | [331] PCBORNUSA <= 89.2
| | | | | | | | [332] MEDCONSTYR <= 1984: 0.231 (n = 125, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [333] MEDCONSTYR > 1984: 0.205 (n = 170, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | [334] PCBORNUSA > 89.2
| | | | | | | | [335] PCTURNOVER <= 55.3: 0.266 (n = 381, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [336] PCTURNOVER > 55.3: 0.243 (n = 470, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | [337] MEDHHINC > 120089.94422
| | | | | | | [338] SQMLAND <= 351299.71479: 0.381 (n = 14, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [339] SQMLAND > 351299.71479
| | | | | | | | [340] MEDHHINC <= 189772.20939: 0.286 (n = 431, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [341] MEDHHINC > 189772.20939: 0.259 (n = 165, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [342] MEDIANAGE > 50.7
| | | | | | [343] SQMLAWN <= 2316452.46004
| | | | | | | [344] SQMLAWN <= 2315708.0283: 0.171 (n = 9, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [345] SQMLAWN > 2315708.0283: 0.153 (n = 99, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | [346] SQMLAWN > 2316452.46004
| | | | | | | [347] FORECLOSED <= 1: 0.146 (n = 39, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [348] FORECLOSED > 1: 0.136 (n = 19, err = 0.0)
| | [349] DATE > 14090
| | | [350] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.88
| | | | [351] PCTURNOVER <= 84.7
| | | | | [352] MEDHHINC <= 75812.06149
| | | | | | [353] PCBORNUSA <= 92.6
| | | | | | | [354] MEDHHINC <= 68845.34233
| | | | | | | | [355] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 5.5: 0.186 (n = 420, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [356] PCUNEMPLOYED > 5.5: 0.210 (n = 129, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [357] MEDHHINC > 68845.34233
| | | | | | | | [358] GEOINDEX <= 243: 0.225 (n = 39, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [359] GEOINDEX > 243: 0.223 (n = 94, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [360] PCBORNUSA > 92.6
| | | | | | | [361] SQMLAWN <= 1315349.38103
| | | | | | | | [362] DATE <= 14858: 0.177 (n = 156, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [363] DATE > 14858: 0.192 (n = 118, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [364] SQMLAWN > 1315349.38103
| | | | | | | | [365] SQMLAND <= 480232.25782: 0.168 (n = 255, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [366] SQMLAND > 480232.25782: 0.154 (n = 258, err = 0.1)
| | | | | [367] MEDHHINC > 75812.06149
| | | | | | [368] SQMLAWN <= 780206.12947: 0.274 (n = 19, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | [369] SQMLAWN > 780206.12947: 0.300 (n = 170, err = 0.1)
| | | | [370] PCTURNOVER > 84.7
| | | | | [371] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 3.9
| | | | | | [372] FORECLOSED <= 15
| | | | | | | [373] DATE <= 14994
| | | | | | | | [374] MEDCONSTYR <= 1993: 0.171 (n = 552, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [375] MEDCONSTYR > 1993: 0.162 (n = 297, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [376] DATE > 14994
| | | | | | | | [377] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 1.7: 0.148 (n = 688, err = 0.2)
| | | | | | | | [378] PCUNEMPLOYED > 1.7: 0.157 (n = 923, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | [379] FORECLOSED > 15
| | | | | | | [380] MEDHHINC <= 48629.15449
| | | | | | | | [381] MEDCONSTYR <= 1962: 0.206 (n = 38, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [382] MEDCONSTYR > 1962: 0.161 (n = 136, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [383] MEDHHINC > 48629.15449: 0.216 (n = 50, err = 0.0)
| | | | | [384] PCUNEMPLOYED > 3.9
| | | | | | [385] PCBORNUSA <= 92.8
| | | | | | | [386] MEDCONSTYR <= 1972: 0.183 (n = 20, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | [387] MEDCONSTYR > 1972: 0.204 (n = 117, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [388] PCBORNUSA > 92.8
| | | | | | | [389] DATE <= 14602
| | | | | | | | [390] MEANHHSIZE <= 1.56: 0.190 (n = 19, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [391] MEANHHSIZE > 1.56: 0.162 (n = 212, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | [392] DATE > 14602: 0.198 (n = 39, err = 0.0)
| | | [393] MEANHHSIZE > 1.88
| | | | [394] MEDHHINC <= 77947.25845
| | | | | [395] FORECLOSED <= 34
| | | | | | [396] RAINFALL60 <= 2.23
| | | | | | | [397] DATE <= 14978
| | | | | | | | [398] MEDIANAGE <= 49: 0.198 (n = 5223, err = 12.3)
| | | | | | | | [399] MEDIANAGE > 49: 0.168 (n = 626, err = 0.7)
| | | | | | | [400] DATE > 14978
| | | | | | | | [401] FORECLOSED <= 6: 0.186 (n = 3812, err = 8.9)
| | | | | | | | [402] FORECLOSED > 6: 0.177 (n = 4213, err = 7.4)
| | | | | | [403] RAINFALL60 > 2.23
| | | | | | | [404] DATE <= 14882
| | | | | | | | [405] PCTURNOVER <= 59.1: 0.191 (n = 791, err = 1.9)
| | | | | | | | [406] PCTURNOVER > 59.1: 0.218 (n = 886, err = 2.5)
| | | | | | | [407] DATE > 14882
| | | | | | | | [408] DATE <= 16330: 0.180 (n = 1947, err = 3.8)
| | | | | | | | [409] DATE > 16330: 0.208 (n = 622, err = 1.2)
| | | | | [410] FORECLOSED > 34
| | | | | | [411] GEOINDEX <= 526
| | | | | | | [412] SQMLAND <= 3381973.63409
| | | | | | | | [413] PCBORNUSA <= 89.1: 0.179 (n = 2287, err = 2.7)
| | | | | | | | [414] PCBORNUSA > 89.1: 0.165 (n = 698, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | [415] SQMLAND > 3381973.63409
| | | | | | | | [416] GEOINDEX <= 220: 0.197 (n = 173, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [417] GEOINDEX > 220: 0.264 (n = 72, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | [418] GEOINDEX > 526
| | | | | | | [419] SQMLAWN <= 2857198.69153
| | | | | | | | [420] MEDCONSTYR <= 2003: 0.164 (n = 485, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [421] MEDCONSTYR > 2003: 0.133 (n = 455, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | [422] SQMLAWN > 2857198.69153
| | | | | | | | [423] RAINFALL60 <= 1.07: 0.169 (n = 353, err = 0.3)
| | | | | | | | [424] RAINFALL60 > 1.07: 0.203 (n = 201, err = 0.5)
| | | | [425] MEDHHINC > 77947.25845
| | | | | [426] PCUNEMPLOYED <= 2.4
| | | | | | [427] PCBORNUSA <= 95.5
| | | | | | | [428] MEDIANAGE <= 38.9
| | | | | | | | [429] SQMLAWN <= 898253.00126: 0.159 (n = 1189, err = 1.1)
| | | | | | | | [430] SQMLAWN > 898253.00126: 0.210 (n = 2510, err = 5.5)
| | | | | | | [431] MEDIANAGE > 38.9
| | | | | | | | [432] MEDCONSTYR <= 1986: 0.260 (n = 1288, err = 2.5)
| | | | | | | | [433] MEDCONSTYR > 1986: 0.217 (n = 2752, err = 3.4)
| | | | | | [434] PCBORNUSA > 95.5
| | | | | | | [435] FORECLOSED <= 17
| | | | | | | | [436] MEDCONSTYR <= 1984: 0.377 (n = 151, err = 0.4)
| | | | | | | | [437] MEDCONSTYR > 1984: 0.230 (n = 364, err = 1.2)
| | | | | | | [438] FORECLOSED > 17
| | | | | | | | [439] DATE <= 14322: 0.276 (n = 17, err = 0.0)
| | | | | | | | [440] DATE > 14322: 0.177 (n = 102, err = 0.2)
| | | | | [441] PCUNEMPLOYED > 2.4
| | | | | | [442] SQMLAWN <= 1925796.41343
| | | | | | | [443] SQMLAWN <= 907426.56864
| | | | | | | | [444] MEDIANAGE <= 28.7: 0.196 (n = 500, err = 0.5)
| | | | | | | | [445] MEDIANAGE > 28.7: 0.170 (n = 1723, err = 1.2)
| | | | | | | [446] SQMLAWN > 907426.56864
| | | | | | | | [447] MEDCONSTYR <= 1998: 0.218 (n = 3160, err = 6.2)
| | | | | | | | [448] MEDCONSTYR > 1998: 0.186 (n = 3591, err = 4.0)
| | | | | | [449] SQMLAWN > 1925796.41343
| | | | | | | [450] FORECLOSED <= 15
| | | | | | | | [451] MEDCONSTYR <= 1962: 0.396 (n = 68, err = 0.1)
| | | | | | | | [452] MEDCONSTYR > 1962: 0.236 (n = 3789, err = 10.2)
| | | | | | | [453] FORECLOSED > 15
| | | | | | | | [454] GEOINDEX <= 742: 0.215 (n = 2415, err = 4.0)
| | | | | | | | [455] GEOINDEX > 742: 0.181 (n = 874, err = 0.9)
Number of inner nodes: 227
Number of terminal nodes: 228
> cor.test(prediction, party_data$NDVI)
Pearson's product-moment correlation
data: prediction and party_data$NDVI
t = 404.86, df = 280980, p-value < 2.2e-16
alternative hypothesis: true correlation is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
0.6046468 0.6093172
sample estimates:
cor
0.6069872